Skincare Ingredients Glossary

Honesty and transparency are at the heart of Clǣne Skincare. We provide realistic claims about our products’ efficacy and clear, factual information about the ingredients we use. This clarity ensures that you can make informed decisions about your skincare, with trust and confidence in our products.

Creating a skincare ingredients glossary with ratings for efficacy and safety provides our customers with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions. This Skincare Ingredients Glossary list takes into consideration both scientific studies and expert opinions to then rate 100 of the most commonly used skincare ingredients for efficacy and safety on a scale from 1 to 10.

Efficacy is how effective they are when applied topically to skin.

Safety denotes their effect on skin health.

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Aloe Vera

Description: A soothing plant extract with hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Alpha Arbutin

Description: A skin-brightening agent that reduces hyperpigmentation.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)

Description: Exfoliating acids that improve skin texture and tone.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 7/10
(can cause irritation for sensitive skin)

Arnica

Description: A plant extract with anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 6/10

Safety: 8/10

Artemisia (Mugwort)

Description: A calming and soothing plant extract.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Description: An antioxidant that brightens skin and boosts collagen production.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 8/10

Astaxanthin

Description: A powerful antioxidant derived from algae.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Azelaic Acid

Description: A dicarboxylic acid that treats acne and rosacea.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Bakuchiol

Description: A plant-based alternative to retinol with regenerative benefits.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Bearberry Extract

Description: A natural source of arbutin that brightens skin.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Benzoyl Peroxide

Description: An antibacterial agent used to treat acne.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 7/10
(may cause dryness and irritation)

Beta Hydroxy Acid (Salicylic Acid)

Description: An oil-soluble acid that exfoliates and unclogs pores.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 8/10

Bisabolol

Description: A soothing agent derived from chamomile.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 10/10

Borage Oil

Description: An oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid that hydrates and soothes skin.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Caffeine

Description: An antioxidant that reduces puffiness and tightens skin.

Efficacy: 6/10

Safety: 9/10

Calendula

Description: A plant extract with anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Camellia Oil

Description: A lightweight oil that hydrates and nourishes skin.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Description: A fatty acid-derived emollient that hydrates and smooths skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 10/10

Ceramides

Description: Lipid molecules that restore and maintain skin barrier function.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 10/10

Carbomer

Description: A thickening agent used to stabilize emulsions.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Carnosine

Description: A dipeptide with antioxidant properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Centella Asiatica (Cica)

Description: A plant extract with healing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Cetearyl Alcohol

Description: A fatty alcohol that acts as an emollient and stabilizer.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Chamomile

Description: A plant extract with anti-inflammatory and soothing effects.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Charcoal

Description: An adsorbent that removes impurities and excess oil.

Efficacy: 6/10

Safety: 9/10

Chia Seed Oil

Description: A nourishing oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Chitosan

Description: A biopolymer with film-forming and moisturising properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Citrus Extracts (e.g., Orange, Lemon)

Description: Natural sources of vitamin C with brightening properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 7/10
(may cause irritation for sensitive skin)

Coconut Oil

Description: A moisturizing oil with antibacterial properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 8/10
(can clog pores for some skin types)

Coenzyme Q10

Description: A regenerative antioxidant.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Collagen

Description: A protein that improves skin elasticity and hydration.

Efficacy: 6/10

Safety: 9/10

Colloidal Oatmeal

Description: A soothing agent that relieves irritation and dryness.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 10/10

Collodial Silver

Description: An antimicrobial agent used for its antibacterial properties.

Efficacy: 6/10

Safety: 7/10
(use with caution)

Copper Peptides

Description: Peptides that promote collagen production and wound healing.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Dimethicone

Description: A silicone-based ingredient that provides a smooth finish and reduces water loss.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol)

Description: A compound that firms and tightens skin.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 8/10

Echinacea

Description: A plant extract with soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Elderberry Extract

Description: An antioxidant-rich extract with anti-inflammatory benefits.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Eucalyptus Oil

Description: An essential oil with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 7/10
(can cause irritation for sensitive skin)

Evening Primrose Oil

Description: An oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid that hydrates and soothes skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Ferulic Acid

Description: An antioxidant that enhances the stability of vitamin C and E.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Flavonoids

Description: Plant compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Ginkgo Biloba Extract

Description: An antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Glycerin

Description: A humectant that attracts and retains moisture in the skin.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 10/10

Glycolic Acid

Description: An AHA that exfoliates and brightens skin.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 7/10
(can cause irritation for sensitive skin)

Gotu Kola

Description: A plant extract with healing and regenerative benefits.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Grape Seed Extract

Description: An antioxidant-rich extract with regenerative benefits.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Green Tea Extract

Description: An antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Guava Extract

Description: A source of vitamin C with brightening and antioxidant properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

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Hemp Seed Oil

Description: A nourishing oil rich in omega fatty acids.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Honey

Description: A natural humectant with antibacterial properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Horse Chestnut Extract

Description: An extract with anti-inflammatory and venotonic properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Hyaluronic Acid

Description: A powerful humectant that hydrates and plumps skin.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 10/10

Hydroquinone

Description: A skin-lightening agent that reduces hyperpigmentation.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 6/10
(can cause irritation and has usage restrictions)

Indigo Extract

Description: A plant extract with soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Jojoba Oil

Description: A moisturizing oil that mimics skin’s natural sebum.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 10/10

Kalahari Melon Oil

Description: A lightweight oil rich in omega fatty acids.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Kojic Acid

Description: A skin-brightening agent that inhibits melanin production.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 7/10
(can cause irritation)

Kaolin Clay

Description: A gentle clay that absorbs excess oil and purifies skin.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Lemon Balm Extract

Description: A soothing and antioxidant-rich extract.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Lactic Acid

Description: An AHA that exfoliates and hydrates skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 8/10

Licorice Extract

Description: A skin-soothing and brightening agent.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Linoleic Acid

Description: An essential fatty acid that supports skin barrier function.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Magnolia Bark Extract

Description: An antioxidant-rich extract with anti-inflammatory benefits.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Mallow Extract

Description: A soothing plant extract with hydrating properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Mandelic Acid

Description: An AHA that exfoliates and is suitable for sensitive skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Manuka Honey

Description: A type of honey with antibacterial and healing properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Marula Oil

Description: A lightweight oil that hydrates and nourishes skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Matrixyl

Description: A peptide that stimulates collagen production and smooths skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Meadowfoam Seed Oil

Description: A moisturizing oil that forms a protective barrier on the skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Moringa Oil

Description: A nourishing oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Myrtle Extract

Description: An antioxidant-rich extract with regenerative benefits.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Neem Oil

Description: An oil with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 8/10
(can cause irritation for sensitive skin)

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

Description: A multi-functional ingredient that brightens, hydrates, and reduces inflammation.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 10/10

Olive Oil

Description: A moisturising oil with antioxidant properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Peptides

Description: Short chains of amino acids that stimulate collagen production.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 10/10

Pomegranate Extract

Description: An antioxidant-rich extract with regenerative benefits.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Polyglutamic Acid

Description: A humectant that boosts skin hydration.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

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Propolis

Description: A bee-derived ingredient with healing and antimicrobial properties.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Pyrithione Zinc

Description: An antimicrobial agent used to treat dandruff and acne.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Raspberry Seed Oil

Description: An oil rich in omega fatty acids and antioxidants.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Red Algae Extract

Description: An extract with hydrating and antioxidant properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Resveratrol

Description: An antioxidant with regenerative benefits.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Retinoids (Retinol, Retinaldehyde)

Description: Vitamin A derivatives that promote cell turnover and reduce wrinkles.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 7/10
(can cause irritation and sensitivity)

Rosehip Oil

Description: An oil rich in vitamin A and omega fatty acids.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Rosemary Extract

Description: An antioxidant-rich extract with anti-inflammatory benefits.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 9/10

Sea Buckthorn Oil

Description: An oil rich in omega fatty acids and antioxidants.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Shea Butter

Description: A rich moisturiser that nourishes and softens skin.


Efficacy: 9/10
Safety: 9/10

Sodium Hyaluronate

Description: A form of hyaluronic acid that penetrates deeply to hydrate skin.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 10/10

Squalane

Description: A lightweight oil that hydrates and strengthens the skin barrier.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 10/10

Sulfur

Description: An antimicrobial and exfoliating agent used to treat acne.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 8/10

Tartaric Acid

Description: An AHA that exfoliates and improves skin texture.

Efficacy: 7/10

Safety: 8/10

Tea Tree Oil

Description: An essential oil with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 7/10
(can cause irritation for sensitive skin)

Tranexamic Acid

Description: A skin-brightening agent that reduces hyperpigmentation.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Tripeptides

Description: Peptides that enhance skin firmness and elasticity.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 10/10

Turmeric

Description: A plant extract with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Urea

Description: A humectant and exfoliant that hydrates and smooths skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

Description: An antioxidant that protects skin from free radical damage.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Willow Bark Extract

Description: A natural source of salicylic acid that exfoliates and soothes skin.

Efficacy: 8/10

Safety: 9/10

Zinc Oxide

Description: A mineral sunscreen agent that provides broad-spectrum UV protection.

Efficacy: 9/10

Safety: 10/10

*This glossary provides a general overview of each ingredient's potential benefits and risks.
It's important to consider individual skin types and concerns when selecting products containing these ingredients.

A list of sources and references used to gather information on the efficacy and safety of the skincare ingredients listed in the glossary:

Scientific Journals and Articles:

  • Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
  • The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
  • International Journal of Cosmetic Science
  • Dermatologic Therapy
  • Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

Books:

"Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients" by Leslie Baumann

"Skin Moisturization" by James J. Leyden and Anthony V. Rawlings

"Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach

Websites and Databases:

The Derm Review: Provides expert opinions and reviews on skincare ingredients.

Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): A scientific body that assesses the safety of skincare ingredients.

Environmental Working Group (EWG) Skin Deep Database: A database that rates skincare ingredient safety.

Dermatologist and Expert Opinions:

Interviews and articles from dermatologists and skincare experts available through reputable health and beauty publications like Allure, Byrdie, and Dermstore.

Research Reports:

Reports and reviews on individual ingredients from organizations like The American Academy of Dermatology and The British Journal of Dermatology.

These sources provide a blend of scientific research, expert reviews, and safety assessments to inform the efficacy and safety ratings of the skincare ingredients. If you need specific details or studies on any particular ingredient, feel free to ask!